Category Archives: Books

Plato and Aristophanes: Comedy, Politics, and the Pursuit of a Just Life

In Plato and Aristophanes, Marina Marren contends that our search for communal justice must start with self-examination. The realization that there are things that we cannot know about ourselves unless we become the
subject of a joke is integral to such self-scrutiny. Jokes provide a new perspective on our politics and ethics; they are essential to our civic self-awareness.

Marren makes this case by delving into Plato’s Republic, a foundational work of political philosophy. While the Republic straightforwardly condemns the decadence and greed of a tyrant, Plato’s attack on political idealism is both solemn and comedic. In fact, Plato draws on the same comedic stock and tropes as Aristophanes’s plays. Marren’s book strikes up an innovative conversation between three works by Aristophanes—Assembly Women, Knights, and Birds—and Plato’s philosophy, prompting important questions about individual convictions and one’s personal search for justice. These dialogic works offer critiques of tyranny that are by turns brilliant, scathing, and exuberant, making light of faults and ideals alike. Philosophical comedy exposes despotism in individuals as well as systems of government claiming to be just and good. This critique holds as much bite against contemporary injustices as it did at the time of Aristophanes and Plato.

Purchase Here (https://nupress.northwestern.edu/9780810144187/plato-and-aristophanes/)

Biopolitics and Ancient Thought

Biopolitics and Ancient Thought. Edited by Jussi Backman and Antonio Cimino. (Classics in Theory.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. 240 pages.

The volume studies, from different perspectives, the relationship between ancient thought and biopolitics, that is, theories, discourses, and practices in which the biological life of human populations becomes the focal point of political government. It thus continues and deepens the critical examination, in recent literature, of Michel Foucault’s claim concerning the essentially modern character of biopolitics. The nine contributions comprised in the volume explore and utilize the notions of biopolitics and biopower as conceptual tools for articulating the differences and continuities between antiquity and modernity and for narrating Western intellectual and political history in general. Without committing itself to any particular thesis or approach, the volume evaluates both the relevance of ancient thought for the concept and theory of biopolitics and the relevance of biopolitical theory and ideas for the study of ancient thought. The volume is divided into three main parts: part I studies instances of biopolitics in ancient thought; part II focuses on aspects of ancient thought that elude or transcend biopolitics; and part III discusses several modern interpretations of ancient thought in the context of biopolitical theory.

PART I: BIOPOLITICS IN ANCIENT THOUGHT
1:Biopolitics and the “boundless people”: An Iliadic model (Sara Brill)
2:Plato and the biopolitical purge of the city-state (Mika Ojakangas)
3:Sovereign power and social justice: Plato and Aristotle on justice and its biopolitical basis in heterosexual copulation, procreation, and upbringing (Kathy L. Gaca)

PART II: ANCIENT THOUGHT BEYOND BIOPOLITICS
4:Otherwise than (bio)politics: Nature and the sacred in tragic life (Kalliopi Nikolopoulou)
5:Beyond biopolitics and juridico-institutional politics: Aristotle on the nature of politics (Adriel M. Trott)
6:Bene vivere politice: On the (meta)biopolitics of “happiness” (Jussi Backman)

PART III: BIOPOLITICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF ANCIENT THOUGHT
7:Hannah Arendt’s genealogy of biopolitics: From Greek materialism to modern human superfluity (Ville Suuronen)
8:From biopolitics to biopoetics and back again: On a counterintuitive continuity in Foucault’s thought (Sergei Prozorov)
9:Agamben’s Aristotelian biopolitics: Conceptual and methodological problems (Antonio Cimino)

https://global.oup.com/academic/product/biopolitics-and-ancient-thought-9780192847102?cc=nl&lang=en
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847102.001.0001

Deleuze, A Stoic & The Deleuze-Lucretius Encounter

Deleuze, A Stoic shows Deleuze’s engagement with Stoicism produced many of his most singular and powerful ideas, reveals a lasting influence on Gilles Deleuze by mapping his provocative reading of ancient Stoicism, unearths new possibilities for bridging contemporary philosophy and classics by engaging a vital yet recently rising area of scholarship: continental philosophy’s relationship to ancient philosophy, and introduces the untranslated Stoic scholarship published by pre- and post-Deleuzian French philosophers of antiquity to the English-reading world. Deleuze dramatises the story of ancient philosophy as a rivalry of four types of thinkers: the subverting pre-Socratics, the ascending Plato, the interiorising Aristotle and the perverting Stoics. Deleuze assigns the Stoics a privileged place because they introduced a new orientation for thinking and living that turns the whole story of philosophy inside out.

Review: “Johnson has produced a profound and erudite study of the stoic roots of Deleuze’s philosophy. This work is of vital importance for those interested in Deleuze, the continuing relevance of the stoic tradition, and, more fundamentally, the ethics of materialism.” – Dr. Henry Somers-Hall, Royal Holloway, University of London

The Deleuze-Lucretius Encounter explores how Deleuze’s thought was shaped by Lucretian atomism – a formative but often-ignored influence from ancient philosophy. More than any other 20th-century philosopher, Deleuze considers himself an apprentice to the history of philosophy. But scholarship has ignored one of the more formative influences on Deleuze: Lucretian atomism. Deleuze’s encounter with Lucretius sparked a way of thinking that resonates throughout all his writings: from immanent ontology to affirmative ethics, from dynamic materialism to the generation of thought itself. Filling a significant gap in Deleuze Studies, Ryan J. Johnson tells the story of the Deleuze-Lucretius encounter that begins and ends with a powerful claim: Lucretian atomism produced Deleuzianism.

Review:” Readers will be surprised and charmed at the parallels Ryan Johnson finds between Deleuze and Lucretius. The lines he draws from Ancient atomist ideas about relations, movements, and speeds, through to Deleuzian materialism are exciting and convincing. The book is packed with interesting ideas and twists and is exacting in its scholarship. On top of that, it is beautifully written.” – Jay Lampert, Duquesne University

Le philosophe dans la cité: Sénèque et l’otium philosophique

Ce livre étudie l’acclimatation, à Rome, du débat hellénistique sur les genres de vie et plus spécifiquement la conception de l’otium développée par Sénèque.

Quel est le rôle du philosophe dans la cité ? Comment celui que l’on appellerait aujourd’hui « l’intellectuel » remplit-il au mieux ses devoirs d’homme et de citoyen ? Est-ce en choisissant l’action, notamment politique, dans la sphère publique ? Est-ce plutôt en « contemplant », c’est-à-dire en se consacrant à la recherche et à l’écriture ? Ou encore en enseignant ? Ces questions sont centrales dans l’Antiquité. Présent dès Platon, le débat sur les genres de vie devient prégnant dans les philosophies hellénistiques et prend une tournure singulière à Rome, où les concepts grecs de praxis et de theoria rencontrent les notions d’otium et de negotium.
L’œuvre de Sénèque s’avère, sur cette question, tout à fait novatrice. Dans une approche qui mêle des enjeux philosophiques et culturels, mais aussi linguistiques et littéraires, le philosophe romain renouvelle à la fois le débat philosophique et la notion romaine d’otium, synonyme chez lui de retraite philosophique. Prolongeant les réflexions de Cicéron sur la légitimité de l’étude philosophique, mais poussant plus loin que ce dernier la promotion de la contemplation et précisant la posture sociale du philosophe, Sénèque est le premier penseur romain à construire une véritable éthique de l’otium. L’intérêt philosophique de l’œuvre sénéquienne se double d’un intérêt littéraire dans la mesure où l’écriture est une activité majeure du philosophe retiré dans l’otium. La réflexion de Sénèque sur l’activité intellectuelle du philosophe est aussi une réflexion littéraire sur la fonction et les modalités de l’écriture philosophique.

Centres and Peripheries in the History of Philosophical Thought. Essays in Honour of Loris Sturlese

The notions of ‘centre’ and ‘peripheries’ are the two paradigms guiding through a broad analysis of figures, places and topics within the history of philosophy.

This volume is an homage to the great intellectual contribution made by Loris Sturlese to the field of history of medieval philosophy. Its point of departure lies in a methodological line, which Sturlese has maintained throughout his whole academic career: the importance in the historical and conceptual reconstruction of medieval philosophical thought of focusing not only on the classical, most famous centers of knowledge production and transmission, but also on the often-neglected peripheries, which during the Middle Ages were increasingly more relevant in propelling the circulation of texts and ideas. In this volume, the notions of ‘center’ and ‘periphery’ are not understood in a merely geographical sense, but also in conceptual, linguistic, historical and literary terms. The richness of this approach is demonstrated by the broad spectrum of the contributions, which range from Islamic philosophy to Italian Renaissance, including the reception of ancient philosophy and of Arabic scientific works in the Latin world, and up to eighteenth-century French geography. Special attention is devoted to the philosophical thought developed in the German area. The volume does not lack in giving space to important medieval figures, such as Dante, as well as to more general philosophical notions, such as the concept of rationality.

The volume explores connections, ruptures, relations and affinities through the analysis of paradigmatic figures, places and topics within the micro- and macro-histories of philosophy.

Nadia Bray is Research fellow at the Università del Salento in History of Medieval philosophy. Her research focuses on the reception of ancient and late-ancient philosophy.

Diana Di Segni is Research fellow at the Thomas-Institut of the Universität zu Köln. Her research focuses on the reception of Jewish thought in the Latin Middles Ages.

Fiorella Retucci is Associate Professor in History of Medieval philosophy at the Università del Salento and at the Universität zu Köln. Her research focuses on medieval Latin philosophy and theology.

Elisa Rubino is Associate Professor in History of Medieval philosophy at the Università del Salento. Her research focuses on medieval German philosophy and on the reception of Aristotelian science in the Middle Ages.

Table of Contents

Nadia Bray, Diana Di Segni, Fiorella Retucci, Elisa Rubino, Introduction

Loris Sturlese, Bibliography

Ruedi Imbach, Ein nicht-existierender Gegenstand? Eine gelehrte und nichtsdestotrotz persönliche Geschichte der Bochumer Schule (1971-1995)

Carmela Baffioni, Il Linguaggio di Adamo, la Caduta di Adamo. Walter Benjamin alla luce di un inedito testo arabo medievale

Luca Bianchi, L’aristotelismo vernacolare nel Rinascimento italiano: un fenomeno ‘regionale’?

Charles Burnett, Cleaning up the Latin Language in Mid-Sixteenth-Century Basel: Antonius Stuppa’s purgation of Albohazen’s De iudiciis astrorum

Stefano Caroti, “Est autem testis Melissus pro cunctis temporis sui Philosophis, sed et pro omni antiquitate”. Le metamorfosi di Melisso

Giulio d’Onofrio, Dante dal centro al cerchio

Onorato Grassi, Per l’edizione critica delle opere di Pietro Aureoli

Mikhail Khorkov, Nicholas of Cusa’s marginalia to Plato’s dialogue Phaedrus as one of the forgotten sources of the supposed Cusanian Platonism

Catherine König-Pralong, Centri, periferie, luoghi e percorsi. Jules Michelet versus Victor Cousin

Freimut Löser, On the Margin. Some Notes on Meister Eckhart

Pasquale Porro, Da Tommaso al tomismo. Napoli come centro filosofico nel Medioevo

Valeria Sorge, Per una microstoria dell’umanesimo rinascimentale. Agostino Nifo e la cultura napoletana del Cinque-cento

Andreas Speer, Die Universalität der Vernunft und die Vielheit ihrer Sprachen

Markus Vinzent, The Self-Location of Meister Eckhart

Index of names

Index of manuscripts

Articulations of Nature and Politics in Plato and Hegel

This book examines nature as a foundational concept for political and constitutional theory, drawing on readings from Plato and Hegel to counter the view that optimal political arrangements are determined by nature. Focusing on the dialectical implications of the word ‘nature’, i.e. how it encompasses a range of meanings stretching up to the opposites of sensuousness and ideality, the book explores the various junctures at which nature and politics interlock in the philosophies of Plato and Hegel. Appearance and essence, inner life and public realm, the psychical and the political are all shown to be parts of a conflictual structure that requires both infinite proximity and irreducible distance. The book offers innovative interpretations of a number of key texts by Plato and Hegel to highlight the metaphysical and political implications of nature’s dialectical structure, and re-appraises their thinking of nature in a way that both respects and goes beyond their intentions.

Le grec et la philosophie dans la correspondance de Cicéron

Située au carrefour de la linguistique, de la littérature antique, de la philosophie grecque et romaine ainsi que de l’histoire des idées à Rome à la fin de la République, cette étude cherche à examiner comment le « code-switching » (ou basculement d’une langue à l’autre) révèle les origines, l’élaboration et l’évolution de la pensée philosophique de Cicéron dans un genre marginal, semi-privé et informel – la correspondance – qui entretiens d’étroites affinités tant avec le bilinguisme qu’avec avec la philosophie. Après une définition puis une triple analyse, formelle, culturelle et prosopographique, du corpus retenu, ce livre s’attache aux sources philosophiques du grec figurant dans les lettres cicéroniennes en quatre étapes successives, incarnées respectivement par Platon, les Socratiques (Xénophon et Antisthène) et les Académiciens (Arcésilas, Carnéade, Philon), par Aristote et les Péripatéticiens (Théophraste et Dicéarque), par Épicure et les Épicuriens (Philodème de Gadara) et par les Stoïciens. Elle révèle la récurrence, la précision, la subtilité des emprunts de Cicéron à la philosophie classique et hellénistique, mais aussi la variété de leurs emplois et de leurs fonctions. La correspondance constitue souvent un laboratoire de la pensée où la genèse de celle-ci est plus perceptible que dans les dialogues ou les traités et une analyse systématique du bilinguisme qui s’y manifeste constitue un angle d’approche inédit et fécond pour approfondir notre connaissance de la philosophie cicéronienne et hellénistique.

Sophie Aubert-Baillot est maître de conférences HDR en langue et littérature latines à l’Université Grenoble Alpes. Ses travaux portent principalement sur la philosophie hellénistique et romaine, sur la rhétorique grecque et latine ainsi que sur Cicéron.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Première partie. Le grec et la philosophie dans la correspondance de Cicéron : analyse formelle et prosopographique du corpus

Chapitre I : Définition du corpus
Chapitre II : Le grec et la philosophie : formes, fonctions, origines
Chapitre III : Identités, fonctions, langages

Deuxième partie. Les sources philosophiques du grec dans la correspondance de Cicéron

Chapitre I : Platon, les Socratiques et les Académiciens
Chapitre II : Aristote et les Péripatéticiens
Chapitre III : Épicure et les Épicuriens
Chapitre IV : Les Stoïciens

Conclusion
Bibliographie
Index locorum

Image and Argument in Plato’s Republic

Although Plato has long been known as a critic of imagination and its limits, Marina Berzins McCoy explores the extent to which images also play an important, positive role in Plato’s philosophical argumentation. She begins by examining the poetic educational context in which Plato is writing and then moves on to the main lines of argument and how they depend upon a variety of uses of the imagination, including paradigms, analogies, models, and myths. McCoy takes up the paradoxical nature of such key metaphysical images as the divided line and cave: on the one hand, the cave and divided line explicitly state problems with images and the visible realm. On the other hand, they are themselves images designed to draw the reader to greater intellectual understanding. The author gives a perspectival reading, arguing that the human being is always situated in between the transcendence of being and the limits of human perspective. Images can enhance our capacity to see intellectually as well as to reimagine ourselves vis-à-vis the timeless and eternal. Engaging with a wide range of continental, dramatic, and Anglo-American scholarship on images in Plato, McCoy examines the treatment of comedy, degenerate regimes, the nature of mimesis, the myth of Er, and the nature of Platonic dialogue itself.

Although Plato has long been known as a critic of imagination and its limits, Marina Berzins McCoy explores the extent to which images also play an important, positive role in Plato’s philosophical argumentation. She begins by examining the poetic educational context in which Plato is writing and then moves on to the main lines of argument and how they depend upon a variety of uses of the imagination, including paradigms, analogies, models, and myths. McCoy takes up the paradoxical nature of such key metaphysical images as the divided line and cave: on the one hand, the cave and divided line explicitly state problems with images and the visible realm. On the other hand, they are themselves images designed to draw the reader to greater intellectual understanding. The author gives a perspectival reading, arguing that the human being is always situated in between the transcendence of being and the limits of human perspective. Images can enhance our capacity to see intellectually as well as to reimagine ourselves vis-à-vis the timeless and eternal. Engaging with a wide range of continental, dramatic, and Anglo-American scholarship on images in Plato, McCoy examines the treatment of comedy, degenerate regimes, the nature of mimesis, the myth of Er, and the nature of Platonic dialogue itself.

The Way of the Platonic Socrates by S. Montgomery Ewegen

Who is Socrates? While most readers know him as the central figure in Plato’s work, he is hard to characterize. In this book, S. Montgomery Ewegen opens this long-standing and difficult question once again. Reading Socrates against a number of Platonic texts, Ewegen sets out to understand the way of Socrates. Taking on the nuances and contours of the Socrates that emerges from the dramatic and philosophical contexts of Plato’s works, Ewegen considers questions of withdrawal, retreat, powerlessness, poverty, concealment, and release and how they construct a new view of Socrates. For Ewegen, Socrates is a powerful but strange and uncanny figure. Ewegen’s withdrawn Socrates forever evades rigid interpretation and must instead remain a deep and insoluble question.

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Natura aut voluntas. Recherches sur la pensée politique et éthique hellénistique et romaine et son influence

Ce livre étudie l’origine des conceptions de la loi naturelle et du libre arbitre dans la philosophie hellénistique et romaine, et la manière dont elles ont contribué à forger la pensée éthique et politique moderne.

La formule cicéronienne natura aut voluntas associe tout en les opposant deux des contributions les plus originales de la philosophie hellénistique et romaine à la pensée éthique et politique occidentale. Ce livre, qui analyse différents aspects significatifs de cet apport, s’achève en évoquant la manière surprenante dont elles ont été réunies dans la théorie éthique et politique influente de John Locke. Les six premiers chapitres examinent différents éléments fondamentaux de la théorie stoïcienne de la natura et de la loi naturelle, en montrant que les Stoïciens ont inauguré une nouvelle conception de l’éthique dans l’Antiquité gréco-romaine – une idée qui était appelée à culminer, en dernier ressort, avec la théorie de Kant. À la différence des philosophes grecs antérieurs, qui s’étaient concentrés sur une conception de l’intérêt personnel en relation avec la polis, les Stoïciens ont formulé pour la première fois une théorie éthique et politique fondée sur des principes moraux universels reposant sur des lois divines universelles. Les chapitres portant sur les Épicuriens discutent ensuite la manière dont leur conception du plaisir et de la mort a forgé une notion de voluntas fondée sur le choix rationnel entre différentes possibilités alternatives, qui est aux origines de la notion moderne de libre arbitre la plus répandue de nos jours. Les développements des deux derniers chapitres du livre entendent montrer de quelle manière ces conceptions originales de la natura et de la voluntas, issues de deux écoles antagonistes de la philosophie antique, sont devenues des piliers fondamentaux de la pensée éthique et politique des débuts de l’époque moderne. Ces racines stoïciennes et épicuriennes ne sont donc pas seulement significatives en elles-mêmes : l’écho qu’elle ont suscité a profondément influencé les développements ultérieurs de la pensée éthique et politique.

Phillip Mitsis est Alexander S. Onassis Professor of Hellenic Culture and Civilization à la New York University, et Academic Director de l’American Institute for Verdi Studies. Il travaille sur l’épopée et la tragédie grecque, la poésie latine et la philosophie antique et du début de l’époque moderne.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Chapitre 1. La loi naturelle chez les Stoïciens

Chapitre 2. Les Stoïciens et Thomas d’Aquin sur la vertu et la loi naturelle

Chapitre 3. La raison, les règles et le développement moral chez Sénèque

Chapitre 4. L’origine stoïcienne des droits naturels

Chapitre 5. La conception stoïcienne de la propriété et de la politique

Chapitre 6. Théorie politique stoïcienne

Chapitre 7. Épicure : liberté, mort et hédonisme

Chapitre 8. L’amitié selon Épicure

Chapitre 9. La liberté, le plaisir et le terme de la vie. Montaigne et les Épicuriens

Chapitre 10. Locke sur le plaisir, la loi et le libre arbitre

Appendice 1. Kαὶ μηδὲν μόριον ἀποκεκρύφθαι : la vie nue du sage stoïcien

Appendice 2. Le libre arbitre est-il moderne ?

Appendice 3. Les devoirs de Locke

Bibliographie

Index